Lionfish and Scorpionfish - Scorpaenidae

Although Lionfish and Scorpionfish may appear very different at first glance, they are actually very closely related.

Both are predators equipped with toxic venom in their dorsal spines, both have a similar body shape and their features are not dissimilar.

Scorpionfish sit perfectly camouflaged on the reef waiting for prey to swim past while their flamboyant.long-finned cousins the Lionfish hover over the reef, boldly displaying their elegant plumes.

Lion fish have venomous spines
Scorpionfish and lionfish identification

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Did You Know?
The Reef Stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa) is the most venomous fish in the world. The venom in their dorsal spines is toxic enough to kill a human being if medical treatment is not sought.

Luckily this highly poisonous fish only uses its lethal weapon in self-defence, so you are unlikely to get stung unless you sit or stand on one.

Family variety

This is a large family with hundreds of species. Appearances and behaviour can vary greatly across the family. Lionfish are sometimes known as the Turkeyfish due to their long feather-like fins, as well as the Firefish and the Devilfish.

Behaviour

Scorpionfish are ambush predators and are usually seen lying camouflaged on the reef or sea floor waiting for a meal to swim by. They usually hunt alone but, during seasonal abundances they can be seen in close proximity to each other.

Lionfish are often found under overhangs and tucked in holes while resting. They often hover gracefully above the reef when hunting, displaying their beautiful fins to their full extent.

Reproduction

For most species the female is fertilised internally by the male. Sshe then releases a mass of pre-fertilised eggs attached to a buoyant float which then floats in surface waters until they hatch and settle.

Diet

Scorpionfish and Lionfish feed by creating a vacuum in their mouths and sucking in their prey. They eat a diet of small fish and crustaceans and can attack at lightning speed.

Defences

All members of this family have very effective defences as their dorsal spines have enough poison to bring on instant paralysis. Many Scorpionfish have brightly coloured pectoral fins that they flash at possible predators, warning them of their venom. When not wishing to draw attention to themsleves, their fins can be tucked away so as not to ruin their camouflage. As a first line of defence, Scorpionfish rely on their amazing camouflage to escape predators, while Lionfish tend to use their intimidating fins as protection.
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FACTFILE

Lion fish speciesSPECIES:   222

sizeSIZE RANGE:   5-50 cm

scorpion fish distributionDISTRIBUTION:

Global. Widespread throughout region.

threatsHABITAT:

Members of this family are mostly reef dwellers.

threatsTHREATS:

Many species are highly prized in the aquarium trade. It is impossible to breed them in captivity so all individuals are captured from the wild.

Identification tips

  • Scorpionfish and lionfish are relatively large, tassled heads with big protruding eyes and large, expandable mouths. 

  • Rounded chunky bodies, flattened on the underside. 

  • Lionfish in particular have prominent spines tipped with a poisonous toxin.

  • Pectoral fins of some species of Scorpionfish are brightly coloured to warn of their toxicity.

  • Scorpionfish are often covered in tassels or warts to add to their camouflage. 

  • Some Scorpionfish use their pectoral fins in a modified walking movement to get around.

Popular species

Here are some of the Scorpionfish and Lionfish species you might come across on your next dive.

Common Lionfish

(Pterois volatans)

Common Lionfish

A larger lionfish, growing up to 40cm in length. Often seen hovering above the reef stalking prey. These lionfish can be very aggressive over their hunting territory. Juveniles are quite dark with almost translucent fins that bend in the current.

Bearded Scorpionfish

(Scorpaenopsis oxycephala)

Bearded Scorpion fish

A very variable species whose colour can range from pale grey or white to dark red. Adults can measure up to 36cm. Completely covered in tassels, these fish blend into their backgrounds perfectly and are usually found lying hidden on the reef or sea bottom waiting for suitable prey. Can be locally common.

Lacy Scorpionfish

(Rhinopias aphanes)

Lacy Scorpion fish

This amazingly camouflaged fish can be plain or covered in dark outlined spots. Variable shades from lilac, to yellow and red. Like the Weedy Scorpionfish, he is much sought after by divers, especially underwater photographers.

Where to find

Puerto Galera

Puerto Galera diving

Originally a safe harbour during typhoons, Puerto Galera has become one of the Philippines' most popular tourist & diving destinations.

Situated only 150km south of the capital Manila, the curious geography of the area has created not only a perfect natural harbour, but also many picturesque beaches and coves to enjoy.

Similan & Surin Islands

Diving Similan Islands in Thailand

The Similan Islands in Thailand are the country's most famous diving destination, offering great visibility, stunning corals and prolific marine life.

Accessed primarily by liveaboard, the Similan Islands are in a strictly controlled marine park and are considered by many to be the crown jewels of Thailand’s diving. As well as the diving, they also offer picture perfect beaches and unspoilt habitats.

Phuket & Phi Phi Islands

Diving at phuket

Diving in Phuket has always been hugely popular due to its ease of access and choice of dive centres. It is one of Thailand's top tourist spots.

Phi Phi Island is equally popular. Actually two main islands - Don and Lae - they are truly spectacular with limestone cliffs rising into the sky.

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